The Quest: Exascale computing is a 21st-century attempt to move computing capabilities beyond the existing petascale.

How earthly computers are performing?

Lets start with 1960 in timeline.In 1960s computer had a peak performance of a few million calculations per second or megaflops. In 1985 Gigaflops (billions) peak speeds were achieved, teraflops(trillions) in 1997, and petaflops (a 1 followed by fifteen zeros) in 2008.

The supercomputing community is now aiming for exascale computing-1,000,000,000,000,000,000 calculations per second.(a 1 followed by eighteen zeros).This seems remarkable performance advancements in supercomputing.
In the quest for the fastest machines, supercomputers have always been at the leading edge of advances in IT, identifying the key barriers to overcome and experimenting with technologies and architectures.

To read more, what's happening at various places on the Earth w.r.t ExaScale computing, visit the report
http://users.ece.gatech.edu/mrichard/ExascaleComputingStudyReports/exascale_final_report_100208.pdf

(Synopsis :What is CoDEx?)

Where technology is heading?

Visit here:https://sites.google.com/a/lbl.gov/codex/

CoDEx means Smart and Systematic use of methodologies that is use of Rapid synthesis tools to generate prototype design.

It combine three elements:

Results shown in recent hard work done( How CoDesign for EXascale computing is changing the present scenario in Super Computing)

Two Projects

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Heterogeneous solutions: systems which are assembled from different subsystems, each of them optimized to achieve different optimization points or to address different workloads.

The Open Computing Language (OpenCL) was designed to meet this important need. It was defined and managed by the nonprofit technology consortium Khronos The language and its development environment “borrows” many of its basic concepts from very successful, hardware specific environments such as CUDA, CAL, CTM, and blends them to create a hardware independent software development environment. It supports different levels of parallelism and efficiently maps to homogeneous or heterogeneous, single- or multiple-device systems consisting of CPUs, GPUs, FPGA and potentially other future devices. In order to support future devices, OpenCL defines a set of mechanisms that if met, the device could be seamlessly included as part of the OpenCL environment. OpenCL also defines a run-time support that allows to manage the resources, combine different types of hardware under the same execution environment and hopefully in the future it will allow to dynamically balance computations, power and other resources such as memory hierarchy, in a more general manner.